| Unit | Subject Area | Detailed Topics Covered |
| Unit 1 | Business Environment and International Business | - Business Environment: Concepts and elements, Economic systems, Economic policies (Monetary and fiscal). Political environment and role of government; Legal environment (Consumer Protection Act, FEMA); Socio-cultural factors; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) .
- International Business: Scope, importance, globalization drivers, and modes of entry. Theories of international trade, government intervention, tariff/non-tariff barriers, and India’s foreign trade policy .
- FDI & FPI: Types, costs/benefits to home and host countries, trends, and India’s FDI policy. Balance of payments (BOP) components and importance .
- International Organizations: Regional Economic Integration (Trade creation/diversion, EU, ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA). IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD. WTO functions, Agriculture Agreement, GATS, TRIPS, TRIMS.
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| Unit 2 | Accounting and Auditing | - Accounting: Basic principles, concepts, and postulates. Partnership Accounts (Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution, Insolvency). Corporate Accounting (Issue/forfeiture/reissue of shares, liquidation, acquisition, merger, amalgamation, reconstruction, Holding company accounts). Financial Statements Analysis (Ratio, Funds flow, Cash flow). Human Resources, Inflation, and Environmental Accounting; Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS .
- Cost & Management Accounting: Marginal costing, Break-even analysis, Standard costing, Budgetary control, Process costing, Activity Based Costing (ABC), decision-making costing, Life cycle, Target, Kaizen, and JIT costing .
- Auditing: Independent financial audit, Vouching, Verification and valuation of assets/liabilities, Audit report, and Cost audit. Recent trends (Management, Energy, Environment, Systems, and Safety audit).
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| Unit 3 | Business Economics | - Fundamentals: Meaning, scope, and objectives of business firms .
- Demand & Consumer Behaviour: Law of demand, elasticity, relationship between AR and MR. Utility analysis and Indifference curve analysis .
- Production & Cost: Law of Variable Proportions, Law of Returns to Scale. Short-run and long-run cost curves.
- Market Structures & Pricing: Price determination under Perfect competition, Monopolistic competition, Oligopoly (Price leadership model), and Monopoly; Price discrimination. Pricing strategies (Price skimming, penetration, peak load pricing).
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| Unit 4 | Business Finance | - Core Concepts: Scope and sources of finance, Lease financing. Cost of capital, time value of money, and Capital structure. Risk and return analysis, Asset securitization
- Financial Decisions: Capital budgeting (Conventional and scientific techniques). Working capital management and Dividend decision (Theories and policies) .
- International Finance: International monetary system. Foreign exchange market, Exchange rate risk, and hedging techniques. International financial markets/instruments (Euro currency, GDRs, ADRs), International arbitrage, and Multinational capital budgeting.
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| Unit 5 | Business Statistics and Research Methods | - Statistics: Measures of central tendency, dispersion, and skewness. Correlation and regression of two variables. Probability approaches, Bayes’ theorem, and Probability distributions (Binomial, poisson, normal) .
- Research Methodology: Concept, types, and Research designs. Data collection and classification. Sampling methods (probability and non-probability), Sampling distribution, Central limit theorem, Standard error, and Statistical estimation .
- Hypothesis Testing: z-test, t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test (U-test), Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test), Rank correlation test. Report writing.
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| Unit 6 | Business Management and Human Resource Management | - Management Principles: Functions of management, Organization structure (Formal/informal, span of control). Responsibility, authority, delegation, decentralization, Motivation, and leadership concepts/theories. Corporate governance and business ethics .
- HRM: Concept, role, planning, recruitment, selection, training, development, and succession planning. Compensation management (Job evaluation, incentives, fringe benefits). Performance appraisal (including 360-degree), Collective bargaining, and workers’ participation .
- Organizational Behavior: Personality, Perception, Attitudes, Emotions, Group dynamics, Power and politics, Conflict/negotiation, and Stress management. Organizational Culture, development, and change.
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| Unit 7 | Banking and Financial Institutions | - Banking System: Indian financial system overview. Types of banks (Commercial, RRBs, Foreign, Cooperative) and Reserve Bank of India (Functions, monetary policy). Banking sector reforms (Basel norms, Risk management, NPA management). Digitisation of banking (Internet/mobile banking, Digital payments).
- Financial Markets & Institutions: Money market, Capital market, Government securities market. DFIs, NBFCs, Mutual Funds, Pension Funds. Financial Regulators and sector reforms (including financial inclusion) .
- Insurance: Life/Non-life insurance, Risk classification/management, Factors limiting insurability, Re-insurance, and Regulatory framework (IRDA).
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| Unit 8 | Marketing Management | - Marketing Concepts: Approaches, channels, mix, strategic planning, segmentation, targeting, and positioning. Service marketing, Consumer Behaviour (buying process and influencing factors) .
- Marketing Mix Decisions: Product decisions (Product line, mix, life cycle, new product development). Pricing decisions (Factors, policies, strategies). Promotion decisions (Advertising, personal selling, publicity, sales promotion tools, promotion mix). Distribution decisions (Channels and management).
- Emerging Trends: Social, Online, Green, Direct, and Rural marketing; CRM and Logistics management.
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| Unit 9 | Legal Aspects of Business | - Contract Acts: Indian Contract Act, 1872 (Valid contract elements, Capacity, Free consent, Discharge, Breach remedies, Quasi contracts). Special contracts (Indemnity, guarantee, bailment, pledge, agency). Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (Caveat Emptor, rights of unpaid seller and buyer)
- Corporate Law: Companies Act, 2013 (Nature, formation, management, meetings, winding up). Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) structure and formation.
- Other Business Laws: Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. Competition Act, 2002. Information Technology Act, 2000 (Cyber crimes and penalties). RTI Act, 2005. Intellectual Property Rights (Patents, trademarks, copyrights). Goods and Services Tax (GST objectives, provisions, benefits, dual GST).
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| Unit 10 | Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning | - Income Tax Basics: Residential status, tax incidence, Exempted incomes, Agricultural income, Computation of taxable income under various heads, Deductions from Gross total income, Assessment of Individuals, and Clubbing of incomes.
- International Taxation: Double taxation avoidance and Transfer pricing
- Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts, significance, Tax avoidance vs tax evasion, and Techniques. Tax considerations in situations like Make or buy, Own or lease, Retain, Renewal/replacement, and Shut down or continue operations.
- Tax Administration: Deduction and collection of tax at source, Advance payment of tax, and E-filing of income-tax returns.
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